Cooling jacket structure for internal combustion engines



Oct. 8, 1940. w s 2,217,007

I COOLING JACKET STRUCTURE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Dec. 30, 19 38 2 Sheerls-Sheet 1 INVENTOR HANS DAVIDS ATTORNEY Oct. 8, 1940. v D 2,217,007

coomue JACKET STRUCTURE FOR INTERNAL comausmou mamas Fil ed Dec. so, 1938 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Illlllli INVENTORI HANS DAVIDS aux/414,

ATTORNEY Patented Oct. 8, 1940 PATENT OFFICE COOLING JACKET STRUCTURE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Hans Davids, Beloit, Wis., assignor to Fairbanks,

Morse & 00., Chicago, Ill., a corporation of Illinois Application December 30, 1938, Serial No. 248,435

6 Claims.

This invention relates to opposed-piston Diesel engines, and particularly to improvements in cooling jacket structure for engines of this type. More specifically, the invention relates to improved provisions for cooling the fuel injection nozzles in engines of the type and construction described in the copending application by Hans Davids and Anker K. Antonsen, filed December 30, 1938, and bearing Serial No. 248,434, of which the present application is a continuation-in-part.

The copending application referred to above discloses a cylinder construction embodying a removable liner that forms the inner wall of the cylinder cooling jacket. The principal objects of the present invention are to provide nozzle water jackets that are united with the main cylinder jackets in a manner to avoid the use of separate external pipe connections between the jackets, and that enable the liner assembly to be readily removed from the engine frame, as for purposes of replacement, and servicing.

These and other objects and advantages wil appear from the following description and accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of an engine constructed in accordance with, and embodying the features of the present invention; Fig. 2 is an opened-out or developed view of the combustion zone of the cylinder liner, showing apreferred water-channel formation on the outer surface thereof; Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional showing in detail that portion of the jacket structure which is identified with the fuel injection nozzle, and Fig. 4 is a horizontal section of a jacket portion taken at line 4-4 of Fig. 3.

For purposes of completeness a brief description is given of an engine structure to which the means of the present invention are especially ap plicable. Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawings, l0 designates generally the engine frame, consisting of vertical side walls or columns ll, spanned by vertically spaced, horizontal decks l2 having aligned openings I3. Extending vertically through the openings i3 is a cylinder assembly comprising the liner l4 and a sleeve or jacket member 15, these parts being press-fitted together and coacting to form an annular passagelfi for cooling fluid. The cylinder assembly 14-45 is removably, yet securely held to the engine frame by the studs and nuts indicated at ll.

As willbe well understood by those familiar with the operation of opposed piston engines, each cylinder is provided with a pair of pistons l8, having connecting rods 19 that engage respective crankshafts (not shown). In the two-cycle, solid injection engine illustrated herein combustion and scavenging air is admitted into the cylinder through an annular series of inlet ports 20 located immediately above the combustion zone in the liner l4, and following combustion, the gases are expelled from the cylinder through exhaust ports 2! at the lower end of the combustion zone, the exhaust gases being conducted through waterjacketed passages 22 into water-jacketed exhaust manifolds 23, arranged on opposite sides of the cylinders. Located-centrally of the combustion zone of liner l4, and at opposite sides thereof, are the openings 24, through which fuel is injected into the cylinder, these openings being threaded to receive the ends of sleeves, hereinafter numbered and described; In the present example the liner is shown as provided with four such openings (see Fig. 2), one diametrically opposed pair thereof serving as fuel inlet passages, and the remaining pair accommodating an air start and an indicator instrument respectively.

Again referring to Fig. 2, it will be seen that the outer surface of the liner I4 in the region of the combustion zone, the hottest part of the cylinder, is provided with integrally formed ribs 25 that define passages in the cooling jacket of substantially spiral trend. These passages effect an accelerated rate of flow of the cooling water at the combustion zone, preventing the retention of steam bubbles on the liner surface that hamper cooling. Certain of the ribs 25 merge into bosses 21, through which bosses extend the threaded openings 24 above mentioned. The bosses 21 are counter-bored to provide an annular washer seat 28 about the openings 24, and are provided further with diametral slots or channels 29 forming vertical water passages that serve to connect the main cooling jacket with the auxiliary jacket structures to be hereinafter described.

As best appears in Fig. 3, the apertures 24 in the cylinder sleeve member l4 are threaded to receive the externally threaded end of a tube 30, a suitable gasket 3| being employed to render the connection fluid tight. The tube 30 may be utilized, of itself, as a fluid connection into the power cylinder of the engine and thus constitutes, in essence, a fluid fitting for this purpose. Although shown as utilized for the reception of a fuel injection nozzle, hereinafter referred to, it

is to be understood that such a fitting may be cating instruments, as well as in air start valve 5 fittings or connections, to mention but a few of the possibilities. In the example shown, tube 99 projects outwardly through an opening in the cylinder jacket member l5, which opening is formed with a spherically surfaced shoulder 32 for engaging the tapered inner end surface of a jacketing tube, bushing or sleeve 93, in the formation of a threadless coupling or cinch fitting. The cinch fitting'provides for considerable misalignment, from a normal position of the tube 99 and liner l4, without affecting the effectiveness of the fluid connection between the shoulder 92 and sleeve 33. The tube 39 projects outwardly beyond the end of sleeve 39 and is externally threaded to-receive a nut 94 that'serves to retain a copper or other suitable gasket 95 in liquid sealforced inwardly into tight, sealing engagement with the cylinder jacket. It is to be noted that all fluid joints are sealed by metal to metal contacts and that the use of rubber jackets for sealing purposes is entirely eliminated. Metallic contacts provide for the use of high fluid pressures and are not subject to the corroding action of fuel oil or high operating temperatures.

.The fuel injection nozzle, designated generally 36, fits closely in the tube 30 and is. provided with a shoulder 91 that coacts with an internal shoulder 99 on tube to compress a gasket 99 that seals the junction of these members. The nozzle unit is provided with a flange 49 near its outer end, which is apertured .to receive studs 4! that extend from a collar 42 threaded on the outerend of tube 30. Nuts 43 on studs 4| enable the nozzle unit to be drawn inwardly into tight sealing engagement with the tube 30. By removing nuts 49, the nozzle unit may readily be withdrawn from sleeve 90, as for purposes of cleaning, the

surrounding water jacket remaining intact. The entire nozzle jacket assembly is also readily disengaged and removed from the cylinder assembly to enable the cylinder liner l4 to be withdrawn from the frame structure. Reference has been made to the auxiliary jacket structures associated with the fuel injection nozzles. Cooling jackets similar to that above described may be provided in connection with the cylinder openings for indicator instrument and air start valve. Cooling water circulates through the jackets in the following manner. Leading from a suitable radiator (not shown) water enters the jackets of the exhaust manifolds 29 through pipes 44. From the manifold jackets the water is conducted .through pipes 45 to the lower end of the cylinder jacket space where it flows upwardly through the spiral passages 26 to the upper end of the jacket space and thence outwardly through discharge pipe 49. Part of the water flowing through the spiral passages 26 enters the lower channels 29 that lead to the nozzle cooling space and discharges therefrom through the upper channel 29, into the water stream that flows through the cylinder jacket.

Having described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In combination in an engine cylinder construction, a pair of closely fitted concentric cylindrical wall members, the inner member constigine, and the outermember a close-fitting jacket about the liner, said members being formed toprovide fluid circulating passages therebetween, each of said members being provided with an opening, and the openings being in register for the reception of a cylinder fitting element, a fitting element, a bushing or sleeve element surrounding and spaced from the fitting element, one of said elements being secured to one of said members, and holding means acting to form a press fit of the other element to the other memher to provide a fluid tight joint therebetween, said elements and members being related'in assembly to provide for cooling fluid circulation between the spacebetween said members, and the space between said elements.

\, 2. In a cylinder construction, a pair of cylindrical members closely fitted one within the other, the inner member constituting a cylinder liner defining the combustion space of an engine cylinder and the outer member coacting with the'inner member to form therebetween a space for circulating a cooling fiuid, said members being provided with openings substantially in register for the reception of a cylinder fitting element; a cylinder fitting element extending through said openings, and threaded into the opening in the cylinder liner member, a bushing or sleeve element surrounding said fitting element in spaced relation thereto, and holding means for maintaining said fitting and sleeve elements in assembly, and coacting with the threaded connection of the fitting to the liner member, to result in a press fit of the sleeve element-adjacent the opening of the outer cylindrical member, said elements and openings being related to provide a port for the circulation of cooling fluid from the space between said members, into the space between said elements.

3. Iii an engine cylinder construction, a pair of spaced, closely fitted substantially concentric members, the inner member of which constitutes a cylinder liner and at least in part defines the combustion space for a power cylinder of the engine, the outer said member forming with the inner member, a jacket structure thereabout, said member being provided with ports for a fluid fitting, projections on one of said members extending into the space therebetween and into metallic contact with the other said member, a fluid fitting element for the cylinder threadedly engaging the port in the cylinder liner member, a bushing element .about the fitting element, screw threaded means for securing the elements in assembly in a manner to press the bushing element into fluid-sealing relation about the port in, the jacket-forming member, the bushing element being spaced from the fitting element to permit fluid circulation from the space betweenlsaid members to the space between said elements.

4.,I'ri an engine cylinderconstruction, a liner member, a sleeve member about and closely fitted to said liner member, the members being provided with openings for reception of a fluid fitting to the cylinder, spacer means between said members arranged to provide cooling fluid passages, a fitting threadedly engaging the opening in the liner member, a bushing spaced about the fitting to provide an annular space for cooling fluid in communication with the spacebetween said -members, a bevelled end' portion on said- 2,217,007 liner, for drawing the bushing into fluid-sealing engagement with the opening in the sleeve member.

5. In an engine cylinder construction, a pair of coaxial cylindrical members constituting respectively, a liner defining a power cylinder for the engine, and a sleeve about the liner coacting therewith to form a cooling jacket, a cylinder fitting constituting a fluid connection into the combustion space of the cylinder, said connection being in threaded engagement with the liner and provided with an annular chamber for cooling fluid, the sleeve member being provided with an opening for the reception of said fitting, which opening is of an area larger than the fitting proper but such as to receive the annular chamber of the fitting and to provide for fluid communication between the chamber therein, and the space between said cylinder liner and 20 sleeve, and means for pressing said chambered 6. In an engine cylinder construction, a cylinder liner member and a sleeve member fitted thereover, projections on one of said members,

means on oneof said elements and one of said.

members, additional screw thread means connecting said elements together and tending to force the other element and the other member into abutting fluid-sealing relation, the said elements being spaced one about the other to provide a fluid jacket therebetween, and the sleeve member being provided with a port against which the jacket is sealed, and of a size to permit a ready fluid communication between the jacket of the fitting and the space between the liner 20 and sleeve members.

HANS DAVIDS. 

